The border metropolis of Ciudad Juárez continued to rank as Mexico’s deadliest city, with more than 1,206 murders. The coastal resort and port city of Acapulco registered nearly 795 murders in the nine-month period.

Data also showed an increase in violence in some rural areas – most notably in the states of Guerrero and Tamaulipas. April 2011 ranks as the deadliest month on record, with 1,630 confirmed murder victims; hundreds of whom were found in mass graves.

Some observations and analysis tweeted as I read the database for the first time (will re-format this section later)

A single massacre on Monday in Zitácuaro, Michoacán exceeds the total number of dead registered in a 9 month period in the same town.

Others have noted the spike in homicides in Acapulco, #Guerrero. The increase in murders in rural parts of the state is also significant.

Data shows Torreón had an especially violent year as well. Triple digit death tolls in Durango in April-May seem to be from the mass graves.

Newspaper estimates generally put the death toll for Monterrey at far higher than the 399 noted in the new database. Why? Counting suburbs?

As was to be expected, the highest death tolls attributed to the #DrugWar in Oaxaca occurred in Tuxtepec & Loma Bonita (near Veracruz line).

Aside about Oaxaca: the homicide data in the new PGR database doesn’t include murders in the Triqui region or the massacre in Choapam (Mixe)

Officially in #Tamaulipas: San Fernando 292 (many in mass graves), Nuevo Laredo 144, Valle Hermoso 95, Matamoros 72, Tampico 63, Reynosa 51.

Aside on Tamaulipas: Tiny Ciudad Mier registered 50 murders from Jan-Sept30th 2011; just 1 less than those documented in the city of Reynosa

As with Zitácuaro, Michoacán…a single massacre of 31 people this month in Altamira, Tamaulipas exceeded the 9 month total in the database.

There’s also been an increase in murders in #Veracruz state, esp in Veracruz (port city), Boca del Rio, & Panuco. Where’s Acayucan’s data?

Database total of 12,903 murders in 9months= monthly average of 1434 murders. A total of 17K+ for all 2011 seems like a probable projection.

While *official* documentation shows 47K+ #DrugWar deaths in Mexico Dec06-Sept11, using monthly averages to fill in Oct-Dec = more than 50K.

More #DrugWar database math: 12,903 murders in the first 9 months (273 days) of 2011 comes to an average of 47 homicides a day.

The act of dumping multiple corpses in public spaces has increased in recent months. In at least two notable cases, the piles of bodies were accompanied by brazen messages from rival groups considered to be at a tactical disadvantage in the area where the bodies were left.

The last double digit body dump was on Christmas morning near Tampico, Tamaulipas – not far from the state line with Veracruz. The massacre also comes one week after the murder of 31 inmates at a Tamaulipas prison.

[Transcript of a headline produced for the January 9, 2012 broadcast of FSRN.]

Just last Thursday in northern Veracruz, 16 people died in a series of attacks on passenger buses. The following day, ten bodies were dumped in the town of Tampico Alto – not far from the state line with Tamaulipas.

In a separate incident in the state of Jalisco, at least five people died and dozens more became ill after eating a poisoned Christmas dinner at a drug rehabilitation center. Multiple massacres have taken place in rehab centers over the past few years, but this is apparently the first time killers have used poison instead of bullets.

Multi-homicides in the drug rehabilitation centers are usually attributed to criminal gangs, but rarely investigated.

At least 29 people were murdered Sunday in what the Milenio newspaper described as the most violent Christmas of the current presidential term.

[Transcript of headline produced for FSRN: http://fsrn.org/audio/headlines-monday-december-26-2011/9611 ]

Download audio file (WVR_toymaker-mexico.mp3)
[FIREWORKS]

Public celebrations like New Year’s Eve and Independence Day draw huge crowds to Oaxaca City’s central square. The celebrations include fireworks, live music, and…

[FOAM FIGHT]

…playful fights with spray foam. By the time the party is over, empty aerosol cans blanket the square. It’s an amazing amount of litter…but not all of it ends up in a landfill.

[COLLECTING CANS]

RAMIREZ (in Spanish, voiced over): “So we pick it up, as much as we can. We’re able to gather around 10, 15, even 20 sacks full and they last us all year.”

That’s local artist Miguel Ramirez. More than four decades ago, he started turning these cans into toy airplanes, helicopters, trains, antique cars…and even UFOs.

Mr. Ramirez has a toy workshop in his home, where he shows me how he turns the empty spray cans into raw material for his creations.

[Miguel Ramirez cutting cans – reporter describes process]

He takes one of the cans out of a sack, holds down the valve to release any remaining air, then knocks the valve off. Then, he hammers the tip of a knife into the upper side of the can and cuts off its top. Ramirez uses the tops to make the wheels for his trains and cars. Next, he cuts off the bottom of the can…. Bottoms make good reflectors. Then, he slices up the can’s metal seam with scissors.

RAMIREZ (in Spanish): “Then you open it up, then flatten the metal.”

Ramirez uses a thick piece of wood to do that.

RAMIREZ: “From there, you wash it with a good amount of water. Once it’s clean, you let it dry, shine it with newspaper and then fold over the edges.”

[SANDER STARTING UP]

He makes sure to leave no sharp edges. What he can’t fold into a side seam, he smooths over with a sanding wheel. Ramirez transforms the sheet metal into car chassis, steam engine chimneys, and decorative ladders for his UFOs. Solder holds everything together.

All of his creations… which can be up to 2 feet long…. have moving parts and some make sounds – like this airplane.

[PLANE CLICKING SOUND]
RAMIREZ: “That’s what gets the attention of young people, children and even adults (laughs).”

Ramirez and his wife take to the streets occasionally to sell their pieces…but it’s a bit  tricky. They don’t have an expensive street vendor’s license. So they have to do their selling while walking. They cradle a model or two in their arms while carrying others in tote bags slung over their shoulders.

Patricia Diaz has bought several pieces from Ramirez and recalls the 1st time she saw him and his wife.

PATRICIA DIAZ (in Spanish, voiced over): “I saw them walk by selling these toys, or these objects made from sheet metal. I went downstairs to inquire and they had already walked ahead. I had almost lost them, but I caught up and well, I really liked what they had. It’s really lovely and well done work.”

The work is also very labor-intensive. Miguel Ramirez says he can produce 6 trains or cars in one month. He repairs electronic appliances to supplement the family income, but says his heart is in his handcrafted artwork.

RAMIREZ: “The work is very labor-intensive, but it’s worthwhile. I feel good doing this work.

One of his handmade cars or trains costs about 50 dollars. That’s about  the same as a remote controlled vehicle or a brand name plastic toy truck of the same size. The big difference being the metal toy is more likely to survive an entire childhood.

The US Consulate in Matamoros has issued a warning to US citizens to use caution when travelling in Veracruz and recommends only traveling during the day. The same bulletin reiterated long-standing advice that U.S. citizens “defer non-essential travel to the state of Tamaulipas”.

Highways in the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosi have become notoriously dangerous, with criminals taking advantage of the cover of night to hold up passenger buses and private vehicles.

The main highways in northern Veracruz are connected to the port city of Tampico, just across the state line in Tamaulipas. The most dangerous roads in Tamaulipas lead to the border bridges with South Texas.

The bodies of ten murder victims were dumped in the Veracruz town of Tampico Alto this morning. Like the multi-homicide targeting the buses, the specific motive for the violence is unclear, but the perpetrators are assumed to be associated with organized crime operating in the region.

As has been the case with Tamaulipas, much of the violence in Veracruz is occurring under a mantle of fear-induced silence. The press freedom organization Reporters Without Borders this week named Veracruz one of the ten deadliest regions in the world for journalists.

Also this week, 900 police officers in the port city of Veracruz and its nearby suburb of Boca del Rio were dismissed and replaced by soldiers in what authorities describe as an anti-corruption measure.

Those kidnapped belong to three families linked to a regional environmental movement known as the Organization of Ecologist Farmers. Two leaders of this organization, Eva Alarcon and Marcial Bautista, were abducted earlier this month as they traveled aboard a passenger bus on their way to a meeting in Mexico City.

The daughters of the two kidnapped organizers held a press conference in Mexico City Tuesday begging the kidnappers to negotiate and to return their parents alive.

Twenty four local police and four state level detectives have been arrested in connection to the federal investigation into the case.

The whereabouts of the abducted environmental activists and their relatives remains unknown.

More than 280 bodies have been discovered in mass graves around Durango since April. Many of the bodies were found in an advanced state of decomposition and state investigators were criticized for allegedly mishandling evidence. Only ten percent of the bodies have been identified.

A February 2010 US diplomatic cable published by Wikileaks described Durango as “the state unraveling most rapidly” – a strong statement in the context of the drug war related violence that has been wracking northern Mexico for years.

The victims were identified as 20 year-old Gabriel Echeverría de Jesús and 21 year-old Jorge Alexis Herrera Pino. The student organization behind the protests stated a third student, Edgar David Espíritu, died Monday night. However, at the time of this writing, Espíritu is reportedly alive but in a coma.

State authorities initially denied police shot at protesters, but a video released by Milenio TV shows a man in plainclothes firing a high caliber rifle from a police line in the direction of the protests. The police in video made no attempt to stop or apprehend the gunman.

La Jornada published a photo today showing plainclothes police with high caliber rifles at the scene of protest in Chilpancingo. El Universal also published video of plain clothes police armed with rifles.

Students mobilized on Monday to pressure the governor to appear at a budget negotiation meeting that had been cancelled and postponed for months.

In addition to the killings, at least 20 people were arrested. At least one has been released with serious facial bruising. The Tlachinollan Human Rights Center, which is providing legal counsel to some of the detained, stated a 19 year-old claimed he was tortured into making a false confession about firing a rifle during the protest.

Tuesday afternoon, Guerrero’s governor announced the dismissals of the state attorney general and the state police chief and his deputy.

Mexico’s system of rural academies (the Normales Rurales) was set up to train children of marginalized small farmers to become teachers in rural communities. The schools have been hard hit by budget cuts and reduced enrolment opportunities over the past 10 years.

Download audio file (symp3.mp3)

This most recent spate of violence targeting activists started on November 28th when Nepomuceno Moreno was gunned down in his truck at an intersection in Hermosillo, not far from the state government palace. Moreno had spent more than a year searching for a son who was kidnapped – allegedly by state police.

The spokesperson for the Sonora state attorney general’s office suggested the murder may have been linked more to organized than to Moreno’s activism.

Then, on November 30th, Norma Andrade, the co-founder of a recognized anti-femicide organization in Ciudad Juarez was shot five times as she left her home. Investigators described the crime as a car-jacking gone wrong. Andrade, who narrowly survived the attack, said it was attempted murder – noting that her vehicle is 20 years old and that the gunman made no demands before discharging his weapon.

On December 6th, a dozen members of the Movement for Peace and Justice with Dignity traveled to the Ostula, Michoacan in western Mexico to observe a community consultation to petition the government for security forces. The delegation was traveling with Trinidad de la Cruz Crisóstomo; a community elder. “Don Trino” as he was known, was the town’s representative in talks with the government.

(Hernandez speaks, reporter interprets)

Citlali Hernandez, who participated in the observation trip, says once within the territory of Ostula, four armed men in ski masks blocked road. They boarded the delegation’s bus and took it to a foot path. She says Don Trino was identified and everyone was forced off the bus and told to lie face down on the ground.

HERNANDEZ (voiceover): “They took away our cell phones. They spoke repeatedly of massacring all of us. During this, they were beating Don Trino. We could hear his cries. From what we could hear, it sounded like they were stabbing him because of his screams and what they were saying.”

Hernandez says the armed men ordered the group to get back on the bus and go directly to the city of Lazaro Cardenas. Don Trino remained in the custody of the attackers.

The next day, the 73 year-old community leader was found dead – his body bearing signs of torture. Don Trino became the 28th community member killed since indigenous residents of Ostula took several hundred acres of farmland back from powerful local landbosses in mid-2009. Pedro Leyva, also a community leader from Ostula and a member of the Movement for Peace and Justice with Dignity was killed in October.

Attorney David Peña, who acts as legal counsel for the community, says the government is at least partially responsible for the crime for allowing armed groups to operate in the area unchecked, despite local requests for security patrols – specifically from a nearby Marine base.

PEÑA (voiceover): “This serious occurence cannot be viewed as an isolated incident committed by organized criminals operating in the area. It’s not an isolated incident and the state shares responsibility because it knows that these groups are operating and how they’re operating. We’ve told them about it as well as what specific measures to take and they’ve done nothing.”

About 5000 people live in the community of Ostula, WHICH is made up of small enclaves and a core population center. It lies along a highway near the port city of Lazaro Cardenas.

(Judisman speaks, reporter interprets)

Clara Judisman of the Movement for Peace and Justice with Dignity says the area around Lazaro Cardenas is a key route for the drug trade. It’s home to one of Latin America’s major sea ports and control of territory in and around the port is fundamental to organized crime operations.

Judisman says indigenous groups who are defending their territories and rights are being attacked and divided as criminals co-opt some residents to create internal strife. She says the case of Ostula demonstrates the concrete local effects of the global drug market on a community which wants to control its traditional territory.

Hours after Don Trino’s kidnapping, two other members of the Movement for Peace and Justice with Dignity were taken off of a bus in the neighboring state of Guerrero. Marcial Bautista are Eva Alarcón are long time leaders of an environmental movement of small farmers in the state. They were on their way to a meeting in Mexico City when the passenger bus in which they were traveling was boarded by armed men who witnesses say asked for the activists by name.

At the time of this report, their whereabouts remains unknown.

At a press conference held in aftermath of the attack in Ostula and the abductions in Guerrero – and with last week’s murder of Nepomuceno Moreno and the shooting of Norma Andrade still fresh in the collective memory, Araceli Rodiriguez – mother of a kidnapped federal policeman – voice a question that seems to be on the minds of many…

(Rodriguez speaks, reporter interprets)

Who’s next? – she asked. Who of those who have come forward to tell the stories of and experiences of Mexico’s drug war victims will be murdered before the eyes of an authority which – she says – has ignored petitions for protection.

Rodriguez confessed that she is scared and plans to examine security measures, but she does not plan to allow the environment of fear and intimidation silence the movement’s demands for justice.

(Originally aired December 9, 2011 on FSRN )

Norma Andrade co-founded the group May Our Daughters Return Home after her own daughter was killed in a long-running string of brutal rape-murders in Ciudad Juárez. Andrade was shot five times the afternoon of Friday, December 2nd as she left her home to go to work.

Investigators call it a botched carjacking. Andrade, who survived the shooting and was hospitalized, says the attacker said nothing before walking up to her and discharging his firearm. She was discharged from the hospital to a location with 24-hour security on Tuesday, December 6th.

Another of Andrade’s daughters, active in May Our Daughters Return Home, left Ciudad Juarez earlier this year after arsonists set fire to her house. The other co-founder of the organization, Marisela Ortiz, fled the troubled border city after receiving direct threats via a “narco-banner” hung outside of the school where she worked.

May Our Daughters Return Home assists femicide victims’ families and has also recently been investigating sex trafficking cases.